3. Description of case study
The UniSyD_IS model is applied to simulate the transition process
to biofuels in Iceland during the time horizon 2015e2050. The
WtW (well-to-wheels) pathways modeled in UniSyD_IS are illustrated
in Fig. 3. It shows the Iceland's energy supply system, which
includes conventional and alternative fuel supply pathways and the
corresponding vehicle powertrains. Except for the imported petroleum
fuels, the entire domestic fuel supply system is modeled
from renewable resources (hydro, geothermal, wind and biomass)
through to the different end-users.
The biofuel market in UniSyD_IS is broken down into three main
parts: bio-ethanol, bio-diesel, and biogas. In every time step, the
model uses the number of biofuel vehicles, the road travel demand
and the share of bio-diesel in the marine sector to determine the
total demand for biofuels by type. The total marine fuel demand is
exogenous, but the share of bio-diesel as B5 (blend of 5% bio-diesel
and 95% diesel) in this sector is determined based on the bio-diesel
and diesel prices using a logit function.
The transport fleet is divided into light (LDV) and heavy (HDV)
duty vehicle fleets with the upper weight limit for LDVs being 3.5
tonnes. The vehicles are classified into four main groups: petroleum,
electric, biofuel and hydrogen vehicles. Petroleum vehicles
are composed of ICE (internal combustion engines) and HEV
(hybrid electric vehicles) with gasoline and diesel fuels. Vehicles
using a battery as the dominant motive power include PHEV (plugin
hybrid electric vehicles) using either gasoline or diesel, and BEV
(battery electric vehicles). Biofuel vehicles include bio-ethanol ICE
(blend of E85), bio-diesel ICE (blend of B20), biogas ICE, and dual
fuel ICE with both biogas and gasoline fuels. Hydrogen ICE,
hydrogen HEV and fuel cell (FCV) vehicles are three types of
hydrogen vehicles included in the model. The same classification is
assumed for HDVs, excluding gasoline fuel engines and BEVs.3. Description of case study
The UniSyD_IS model is applied to simulate the transition process
to biofuels in Iceland during the time horizon 2015e2050. The
WtW (well-to-wheels) pathways modeled in UniSyD_IS are illustrated
in Fig. 3. It shows the Iceland's energy supply system, which
includes conventional and alternative fuel supply pathways and the
corresponding vehicle powertrains. Except for the imported petroleum
fuels, the entire domestic fuel supply system is modeled
from renewable resources (hydro, geothermal, wind and biomass)
through to the different end-users.
The biofuel market in UniSyD_IS is broken down into three main
parts: bio-ethanol, bio-diesel, and biogas. In every time step, the
model uses the number of biofuel vehicles, the road travel demand
and the share of bio-diesel in the marine sector to determine the
total demand for biofuels by type. The total marine fuel demand is
exogenous, but the share of bio-diesel as B5 (blend of 5% bio-diesel
and 95% diesel) in this sector is determined based on the bio-diesel
and diesel prices using a logit function.
The transport fleet is divided into light (LDV) and heavy (HDV)
duty vehicle fleets with the upper weight limit for LDVs being 3.5
tonnes. The vehicles are classified into four main groups: petroleum,
electric, biofuel and hydrogen vehicles. Petroleum vehicles
are composed of ICE (internal combustion engines) and HEV
(hybrid electric vehicles) with gasoline and diesel fuels. Vehicles
using a battery as the dominant motive power include PHEV (plugin
hybrid electric vehicles) using either gasoline or diesel, and BEV
(battery electric vehicles). Biofuel vehicles include bio-ethanol ICE
(blend of E85), bio-diesel ICE (blend of B20), biogas ICE, and dual
fuel ICE with both biogas and gasoline fuels. Hydrogen ICE,
hydrogen HEV and fuel cell (FCV) vehicles are three types of
hydrogen vehicles included in the model. The same classification is
assumed for HDVs, excluding gasoline fuel engines and BEVs.