The aggregated results show that a “U-shaped” relationship exists between exports and diffusion of old innovations, whereas an inverted U-shaped relationship is found between exports and diffusion of recent innovations and between exports and human skills. With respect to the more specific results, on the one hand the sectoral results indicate that the effect of the importer’s TAI on trade is similar for all categories of goods. However, whereas the effect of the exporter’s TAI for differentiated goods shows an inverted U-shaped relationship, a U-shaped curve is found for the rest. Hence, while technological innovation improvements seem to have a greater effect on exports of differentiated goods for the intermediate levels of technological achievements, the effect on exports for referenced and homogeneous goods is found to be more marked for the very high levels of technological achievement. On the other hand, the results of the specific country-groups show that when the importer is a developed country, technological achievement has a positive effect on exports which is magnified for higher levels of technological innovation. Otherwise, when the importer is a developing country, a U-shaped relationship between TAI and trade is found