The results showed that daily consumption of powdered milk containing Lactobacillus paracasei SD1 for 30 days decreased the mutans streptococci counts in saliva post-milk consumption period and reinforced previous findings with bifidobacteria and lactobacilli-derived probiotics [8, 12, 13, 14]. The reason for the bacteria hampering effect is not fully known but may be explained by several pathways; they prevent cellular adhesion and invasion of pathogenic bacteria, and they interact and modulate the local and systemic inflammatory immune response.