The third major component in this model is the Stats atomic model which is in charge of recording the statistics of the model during the simulation. Stats periodically calculates the propagation model (L) for each BS-UE link based on Equation 1 (for urban areas) and Equation 2 (for rural areas), where: - R is the BS-UE separation in kilometers - f is the carrier frequency in MHz - Dhb is the base station antenna height in meters, measured from the average rooftop level - Hb is the base station antenna height above ground in meters
80dB(f)log21log (Dhb)18Dhb) log (R)410(140L 101010 3 Equation 1. propagation model – Urban Area [13]
L = 69.55 +26.16log10(f)–13.82log10(Hb)+[44.9-6.55log10(Hb)]log(R) – 4.78(Log10 (f))2+18.33 log10 (f) -40.94 Equation 2. propagation model – Rural Area [13]