abstract
Microalgae exhibit enormous diversity and can potentially contribute to the production of biofuels and
high value compounds. However, for most species, our knowledge of their physiology, metabolism,
and gene regulation is fairly limited. In eukaryotes, gene silencing mechanisms play important roles in
both the reversible repression of genes that are required only in certain contexts and the suppression
of genome invaders such at transposons. The recent sequencing of several algal genomes is providing
insights into the complexity of these mechanisms in microalgae. Collectively, glaucophyte, red, and green
microalgae contain the machineries involved in repressive histone H3 lysine methylation, DNA cytosine
methylation, and RNA interference. However, individual species often only have subsets of these gene
silencing mechanisms. Moreover, current evidence suggests that algal silencing systems function in
transposon and transgene repression but their role(s) in gene regulation or other cellular processes
remains virtually unexplored, hindering rational genetic engineering efforts
abstractMicroalgae exhibit enormous diversity and can potentially contribute to the production of biofuels andhigh value compounds. However, for most species, our knowledge of their physiology, metabolism,and gene regulation is fairly limited. In eukaryotes, gene silencing mechanisms play important roles inboth the reversible repression of genes that are required only in certain contexts and the suppressionof genome invaders such at transposons. The recent sequencing of several algal genomes is providinginsights into the complexity of these mechanisms in microalgae. Collectively, glaucophyte, red, and greenmicroalgae contain the machineries involved in repressive histone H3 lysine methylation, DNA cytosinemethylation, and RNA interference. However, individual species often only have subsets of these genesilencing mechanisms. Moreover, current evidence suggests that algal silencing systems function intransposon and transgene repression but their role(s) in gene regulation or other cellular processesremains virtually unexplored, hindering rational genetic engineering efforts
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