In 1988, the German chemist Günter Wächtershäuser hypothesized that organic matter
formed in deep-sea vents, which were cracks in the Earth surfaces, where superheated water rich in
metal ions and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) mixed abruptly with cold seawater. Organic molecules may
form in the temperature gradient between the extremely hot vent water and the cold water around
the vent (figure 2).
In modern deep-sea vents, various types of bacteria, worms, clams, crabs, and shrimp are
found in abundance in the surrounding area. These organisms receive energy from chemicals in the
vents, not from the sun.
In 1988, the German chemist Günter Wächtershäuser hypothesized that organic matterformed in deep-sea vents, which were cracks in the Earth surfaces, where superheated water rich inmetal ions and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) mixed abruptly with cold seawater. Organic molecules mayform in the temperature gradient between the extremely hot vent water and the cold water aroundthe vent (figure 2).In modern deep-sea vents, various types of bacteria, worms, clams, crabs, and shrimp arefound in abundance in the surrounding area. These organisms receive energy from chemicals in thevents, not from the sun.
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