Therefore, to contribute to the discussion on how best to instruct advanced FL students and to provide suggestions on how to ease the transition from lower- to upper-division FL classes, we present a pedagogical strategy that has proven successful in several academic disciplines in higher education: “Just-in-Time Teaching,” henceforth “JiTT” (Novak, Patterson, Gavrin, & Christian, 1999; Simkins & Maier, 2010a).