Systems with return logistics. In such a system the containers are owned by a
central agency. This agency is also responsible for the return of the containers
after they have been emptied by the recipient. The main prerequisite for such a
system is that the recipient bundles the empty containers, and stores them until
a sufficient number has accumulated for cost-effective collection. Lützebauer[9]
differentiates the following systems:
(1) Transfer system. The essence of this system is that the sender always
uses the same containers. The transfer system is only concerned with the
return of containers from the recipient to the sender. The sender is
responsible for the tracking and tracing of containers, their
administration, cleaning, maintenance and storage. The sender has also
to take care that the number of containers is adequate.
(2) Depot system. In this system the containers that are not in use are stored
at container depots. From a container depot the sender is provided with
the number of containers he needs. After having been transported to the
recipient, the empty containers are collected and returned to a container
depot. Here the containers are cleaned and maintained, if necessary.
Within this system, Lützebauer again distinguishes two variants:
● Book system. The essence of this system is a detailed control of the
flow of containers by the central agency. The sender has an account
with the agency. When a number of containers are delivered to the
sender, the quantity involved is debited in the sender’s account.
When the sender sends the containers to a recipient, the quantity
involved is credited in the sender’s account, and debited in the
recipient’s. Therefore the sender has to submit to the agency all the
necessary data for each shipment, including the name and address
of the recipient, and the number of containers involved. This allows
the agency to monitor the movements of the containers.
● Deposit system. In this system the sender pays the agency a deposit
for every container he uses. The deposit equals at least the value of
the containers. The sender debits his recipient for this deposit, who
does the same with his recipient, and so on. The moment the
containers reach their final destination in the logistic chain, they are
collected by the agency. At this point, the agency refunds the deposit
to the party from which the containers were collected. The deposit
finances loss and theft of the containers. So, a tracking and tracing
system to control the flow of containers is unnecessary in this case.
Finally the deposit also stimulates the quick return of the containers,
so the rate of circulation with be high.
Systems without return logistics. In this system the containers are also owned by
a central agency. The user of this system, the sender, rents the containers from
the agency. As soon as the sender no longer needs the containers, they are
returned to the agency. The sender is responsible for all activities involving the
Systems with return logistics. In such a system the containers are owned by acentral agency. This agency is also responsible for the return of the containersafter they have been emptied by the recipient. The main prerequisite for such asystem is that the recipient bundles the empty containers, and stores them untila sufficient number has accumulated for cost-effective collection. Lützebauer[9]differentiates the following systems:(1) Transfer system. The essence of this system is that the sender alwaysuses the same containers. The transfer system is only concerned with thereturn of containers from the recipient to the sender. The sender isresponsible for the tracking and tracing of containers, theiradministration, cleaning, maintenance and storage. The sender has alsoto take care that the number of containers is adequate.(2) Depot system. In this system the containers that are not in use are storedat container depots. From a container depot the sender is provided withthe number of containers he needs. After having been transported to therecipient, the empty containers are collected and returned to a containerdepot. Here the containers are cleaned and maintained, if necessary.Within this system, Lützebauer again distinguishes two variants:● Book system. The essence of this system is a detailed control of theflow of containers by the central agency. The sender has an accountwith the agency. When a number of containers are delivered to thesender, the quantity involved is debited in the sender’s account.When the sender sends the containers to a recipient, the quantityinvolved is credited in the sender’s account, and debited in therecipient’s. Therefore the sender has to submit to the agency all thenecessary data for each shipment, including the name and addressof the recipient, and the number of containers involved. This allowsthe agency to monitor the movements of the containers.● Deposit system. In this system the sender pays the agency a depositfor every container he uses. The deposit equals at least the value ofthe containers. The sender debits his recipient for this deposit, whodoes the same with his recipient, and so on. The moment thecontainers reach their final destination in the logistic chain, they arecollected by the agency. At this point, the agency refunds the depositto the party from which the containers were collected. The depositfinances loss and theft of the containers. So, a tracking and tracingsystem to control the flow of containers is unnecessary in this case.Finally the deposit also stimulates the quick return of the containers,so the rate of circulation with be high.Systems without return logistics. In this system the containers are also owned bya central agency. The user of this system, the sender, rents the containers fromthe agency. As soon as the sender no longer needs the containers, they arereturned to the agency. The sender is responsible for all activities involving the
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..