Chapter objectives
This chapter is intended to provide an explanation of:
· The aim, use and construction of cash flow statements
· The meaning and calculation of the source and application of funds statement and their importance to business
· A discussion on credit and types of loans available to businesses
· An explanation of the cost of funds and capital
· The importance and calculation of ownership costs, including depreciation, interest, repair, taxes and insurance.
Structure of the chapter
"Cash flow" is one of the most vital elements in the survival of a business. It can be positive, or negative, which is obviously a most undesirable situation. The chapter develops the concept of cash flow and then shows how the funds can be used in the business. Funds are not only generated internally; they may be externally generated, and so the chapter finishes with a discussion of externally generated funds.
Aim of a cash flow statement
The aim of a cash flow statement should be to assist users:
· to assess the company's ability to generate positive cash flows in the future
· to assess its ability to meet its obligations to service loans, pay dividends etc
· to assess the reasons for differences between reported and related cash flows
· to assess the effect on its finances of major transactions in the year.
The statement therefore shows changes in cash and cash equivalents rather than working capital.