Toxicology
Factors determining adverse effects
Intrinsic toxicity
Dose
Exposure conditions
Response of host
The second factor determining adverse effects is the dose.
Toxicology
Dose
The dose is the amount of a substance administered at one time
Dose by definition is the amount of a substance administered at one time. However, other parameters are needed to characterize the exposure to xenobiotics. The most important are the number of dose, frequency, and total time period of the treatment. Some examples: 500 mg Asperin as a single dose 500 mg Penicillin every 8 hours for 10 days 15 mg DDT per day for 60 days
Toxicology
Dose-response relationship
“The dose-response relationship is the most fundamental and pervasive concept in toxicology ”
The dose-response relationship is a fundamental and essential concept in toxicology. It correlates exposures and the spectrum of induced effects. Generally, the higher the dose, the more severe the response. The dose-response relationship is based on observed data from experimental animal, human clinical, or cell studies.