Despite that the area of the dyed region was not different between FP, RF, and FMRF treatments, the maximum depth of the dyed region increased by 47–72% in RF and increased more substantially by 129–156% in FMRF, across the three rain simulation durations, compared to the treatment of FP (Table 2). The area of the dyed region was 23% larger with simulated raining for 4 min and doubled with raining for 6 min, compared with that with raining for 2 min (Table 2). An increase in the rain simulation duration also augmented the maximum infiltration depth under either FP or RF or FMRF cropping models (Table 2).