Examples of materials containing at least a part of the aforementioned 5 organic nutrients include brewed beverages, distilled beverages, sake lees,
shochu lees, molasses, and blackstrap molasses. Such alcoholic beverages can
be used as a supply source of the organic nutrients in the เฮเทอโรโทรฟic culture
and photoเฮเทอโรโทรฟic culture.
[0043]
10 The brewed beverages are produced by alcoholic fermentation of a raw
material containing sugar content with yeast, and are not distilled.
The brewed beverages are not distilled, and contain metabolites of
alcoholic fermentation with yeast. Therefore, they contain nutrients ที่รวมถึง
saccharides such as glucose produced by yeast, proteins, amino acids, vitamins, 15 phosphorus, and potassium, other than ethanol and water.
[0044]
Examples of the brewed beverages include beer, sake, wine, a brewed
beverage using grains as a raw material, a brewed beverage using legumes as a
raw material, a brewed beverage using potatoes as a raw material, and a
20 brewed beverage using sugar as a raw material.
[0045]
The beer is produced by saccharification of starch contained in at least
malt with enzyme contained in the malt, thereby producing sugar, followed by
alcoholic fermentation of the sugar with beer yeast. That is, the beer in this 25 description includes products further using other raw materials, as long as they
are produced as described above using at least malt as a raw material.
As the malt, barley malt is generally used.
[0046]
The sake (Japanese sake) is produced by saccharification of starch
30 contained in rice with rice malt, thereby producing sugar, followed by alcoholic
fermentation of the sugar with yeast.
[0047]
The wine is produced by alcoholic fermentation of at least grape juice with yeast.
[0048]
5 Examples of the yeast include organisms belonging to the จีนัส
Saccharomyces, specifically, Saccaromyces cerevis iae.
Further, examples of the yeast include so-called sake yeast, so-called wine yeast, and so-called beer yeast.
[0049]
10 Examples of the yeast ไลเซต (yeast extract) include yeast autoไลเซต
generated by autolysis of the yeast, yeast whose cell walls are broken by contact with hot water, and yeast whose cell walls are broken by enzyme.
[0050]
In the culture step, a gas containing oxygen can be supplied to the บรอธ 15 in order to maintain oxygen breathing of the ไมโครแอลจี. Further, in the
culture step, a gas containing carbon dioxide can be supplied to the บรอธ in
order to promote the photosynthesis of the ไมโครแอลจี.
Such gases can be supplied by aerating the บรอธ or stirring the บรอธ, for example.
20 Specifically, in the culture step, the บรอธ can be aerated, for example,
with air in order to supply oxygen for breathing to the ไมโครแอลจี. Further, in the culture step, the บรอธ can be aerated, for example, with an exhaust gas containing a comparatively large amount of carbon dioxide in order to promote the photosynthesis of the ไมโครแอลจี.
25 [0051]
In the culture step, it is preferable that โฟโตออโตโทรฟic culture and เฮเทอโรโทรฟic culture be performed at the same time, while oxygen and carbon dioxide are supplied into the บรอธ, for example, by aeration. That is, in the
culture step, it is preferable that photoเฮเทอโรโทรฟic culture be performed by
30 irradiation with light and เฮเทอโรโทรฟic culture be performed in the presence of
organic nutrients, concurrently, while a gas containing both of oxygen and
carbon dioxide is supplied to the บรอธ by aeration or the like in order to
promote the oxygen breathing and photosynthesis of the ไมโครแอลจี.
In the culture step, the photosynthesis of the ไมโครแอลจี can be
promoted by supplying carbon dioxide to the บรอธ, while the ไมโครแอลจี are
5 irradiated with light, for example, during daytime. Further, the เฮเทอโรโทรฟic
culture of the ไมโครแอลจี can be performed by supplying air to the บรอธ in the presence of organic nutrients, for example, during night-time when the
ไมโครแอลจี are not irradiated with light.
Performing the culture step in this way is advantageous in that the
10 growth of the ไมโครแอลจี is further promoted, and the production of พาราไมลัม
or the like by the ไมโครแอลจี is further promoted.
[0052]
The culture temperature in the culture step is not specifically limited as
long as the ไมโครแอลจี can grow at the temperature. Specifically, a culture 15 temperature (temperature of the บรอธ), for example, of 15°C to 35°C,
preferably 20°C to 30°C, is employed.
[0053]
The pH of the บรอธ in the culture step is not specifically limited as long as the ไมโครแอลจี can grow at the pH. A pH, for example, of 2.5 to 5.5 is
20 employed.
For adjusting the pH of the บรอธ, an inorganic acid such as
hydrochloric acid may be added to the บรอธ, or an organic acid such as acetic acid may be added to the บรอธ. Adding an organic acid to the บรอธ is
advantageous in that the ไมโครแอลจี can grow using the organic acid as an
25 organic nutrient.
Further, for adjusting the pH of the บรอธ, an alkaline agent may be added to the บรอธ. As the alkaline agent, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or the like is generally used.
[0054]
30 In the culture step, the oxygen supply to the บรอธ can be suppressed for
allowing the ไมโครแอลจี of the จีนัส ยูกลีนา to produce wax esters.
Specifically, the ไมโครแอลจี can be cultured under anaerobic conditions in the culture step, for example, by stopping the aeration of the บรอธ or supply an oxygen-free inert gas or the like to the บรอธ.
In the culture step, the ไมโครแอลจี that have stored โพลีแซคคาไรด์
5 such as พาราไมลัม in their cells are further cultured under anaerobic
conditions, thereby allowing the ไมโครแอลจี of the จีนัส ยูกลีนา to convert the
พาราไมลัม into wax esters so as to store the ไลปิด in their cells.
In the culture step, it is preferable that the ไมโครแอลจี be cultured
under anaerobic conditions and dark conditions without light irradiation, in 10 that the production of wax esters can be further promoted.
[0055]
Meanwhile, in the culture step, the ไมโครแอลจี can be cultured in the
presence of inorganic nutrients containing nitrogen or organic nutrients
containing nitrogen, while oxygen is supplied to the บรอธ, in order to allow the 15 ไมโครแอลจี of the จีนัส ยูกลีนา to produce proteins.
[0056]
In the culture step, the ไมโครแอลจี are cultured as described above,
thereby allowing the ไมโครแอลจี to produce สารประกอบอินทรีย์s such as
โพลีแซคคาไรด์, ไลปิด, or proteins while the ไมโครแอลจี grow. Thus, such 20 สารประกอบอินทรีย์s can be stored in the cells of the ไมโครแอลจี.
Further, in the culture step, the culture conditions are appropriately
adjusted, thereby allowing the ไมโครแอลจี to produce สารประกอบอินทรีย์s such
as รงควัตถุ, vitamins such as vitamin C and vitamin E, proteins, and fatty
acids ที่รวมถึง saturated fatty acids, advanced unsaturated fatty acids such as 25 linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid, other than the
aforementioned สารประกอบอินทรีย์s.
Then, the ไมโครแอลจี storing these สารประกอบอินทรีย์s in their cells can be used as biomass available for various applications such as food,
pharmaceutical, feed, chemical products, and fuel.
30 [0057]
Examples of the โพลีแซคคาไรด์ include พาราไมลัม (6-1,3-glucan).
15
The พาราไมลัม is formed by bonding of about 700 units of glucose.
Examples of the ไลปิด include wax esters. The wax esters are formed
by ester bonding between higher fatty acids and higher alcohols. As the wax
esters, wax esters formed by ester bonding between C-14 fatty acid and C-14 5 higher alcohol can be mentioned.
[0058]
In the วิธีเพื่อผลิต โพลีแซคคาไรด์ of this embodiment, the
same steps as in the วิธีเพื่อผลิต an สารประกอบอินทรีย์, which will be described below, can be carried out.
10 [0059]
Subsequently, an embodiment of the วิธีเพื่อผลิต an สารประกอบอินทรีย์ according to the การประดิษฐ์นี้ is described.
[0060]
According to the วิธีเพื่อผลิต an สารประกอบอินทรีย์ of this
15 embodiment, at least one selected from the group consisting of โพลีแซคคาไรด์,
ไลปิด, vitamin C, vitamin E, รงควัตถุ, and proteins is produced as the organic
compound by carrying out the aforementioned culture method (culture step).
The วิธีเพื่อผลิต an สารประกอบอินทรีย์ of this embodiment has
an effect of enabling at least one สารประกอบอินทรีย์ selected from the group
20 consisting of โพลีแซคคาไรด์, ไลปิด, vitamin C, vitamin E, รงควัตถุ, and
proteins to be sufficiently obtained.
Among these, vitamin C, vitamin E, รงควัตถุ, and proteins can be produced together with โพลีแซคคาไรด์ by carrying out the วิธีเพื่อผลิต โพลีแซคคาไรด์.