Let us distinguish two different uses of the word “planning”.’ AI has traditionally interpreted the orga- nized nature of everyday activity in terms of capital-P Planning, according to which a smart Planning phase con- structs a Plan which is carried out in a mechanical fashion by a dumb Executive phase. People often engage in lower- case-p planning. Though a plan might in some sense be mental, better prototypes are provided by recipes, direc- tions, and instruction manuals. Use of plans regularly in- volves rearrangement, interpolation, disambiguation, and
substitution. Before and beneath any activity of plan- following, life is a continual improvisation, a matter of de- ciding what to do now based on how the world is now. Our empirical and theoretical studies of activity have led us to question the supposition that action derives from the Execution of Plans and the corresponding framework of
Let us distinguish two different uses of the word “planning”.’ AI has traditionally interpreted the orga- nized nature of everyday activity in terms of capital-P Planning, according to which a smart Planning phase con- structs a Plan which is carried out in a mechanical fashion by a dumb Executive phase. People often engage in lower- case-p planning. Though a plan might in some sense be mental, better prototypes are provided by recipes, direc- tions, and instruction manuals. Use of plans regularly in- volves rearrangement, interpolation, disambiguation, and
substitution. Before and beneath any activity of plan- following, life is a continual improvisation, a matter of de- ciding what to do now based on how the world is now. Our empirical and theoretical studies of activity have led us to question the supposition that action derives from the Execution of Plans and the corresponding framework of
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