Given that there is a multidimensional expansion of the literature in the area of
corporate environmental management, this paper focuses on four GSCM practices
(internal environmental management, external GSCM including green purchasing and
cooperation with customers including environmental requirements, investment
recovery, and eco-design practices). These four areas represent some of the main
internal and external activities and functions within organizational supply chain
management (Zhu and Sarkis, 2004).