In our analysis, the exposure of interest was the presence of a hospital policy allowing FPDR rather than actual FPDR. Therefore, our findings are most relevant to hospitals considering developing (or rescinding) a policy for FPDR. In contrast to the simulation study by Fernandez et al,15 we found no differences in the median number of shocks across hospital FPDR status. Furthermore, we demonstrated a statistically significant, shorter mean time to defibrillation for adult patients in hospitals where families were allowed to be present (2.1 versus 2.4 minutes), although the clinical significance of such a small difference is not clear. In the absence of a pattern of significant differences in other important outcomes across hospitals with an FPDR policy, and given the large number of comparisons, this finding may be spurious in nature. Our results also parallel the nonsignificant differences in secondary outcomes shown from inpatient follow-up from out-of-hospital resuscitations in France.