A second influential stream of Russian management research is that done by
Luthans and his colleagues at the Tver Cotton Mill. Luthans, Welsch, and Rosenkratz
(1993) systematically observed the activities of 66 Russian managers. Welsch, Luthans,
and Sommer (1993) tested several human resource management theories developed in the
USA and found that extrinsic rewards and behavioral management increased worker
performance, but that participative techniques resulted in decreased performance.