1. INTRODUCTION
Electronic commerce (e-commerce) is a process of trading goods, information, or services via computer
networks including the internet over website (Jantarajaturapath and Ussahawanitchkit 2009; Silveira,
2003).E- commerce is changing the way business is conducted throughout the world and provides a lot of
opportunities to improve the performance of businesses. E-commerce is not just about buying and selling
products only, it covers information for customer inquiry on products and information, price comparison.
Therefore, e-commerce has a direct impact on business owners, suppliers, and customers. The rapid
change of environment such as internet, computer, and communication technology including
infrastructure enable e-commerce to allow small- and medium- enterprises (SMEs) to streamline their
business process, enhance customer service and offer new channel to customers (Chang, 2003).
SMEs have an advantage over large enterprises because of their closely customer and staff, independent
management, and affordable establishment of e-commerce. SMEs use e-commerce to access to global
markets and managerial productivity for competitive advantage.
In Thailand, SMEs are important as a mechanism that helps the country to survive and compete in highly
competitive markets e.g. economic crisis in 1997 and economic crisis in 2009 (OSMEP, 2011). The Thai
government’s ICT plan (2000-2010) initiated and implemented a series of national plans activities to
promote the diffusion of e-commerce to SME’s. The government agencies such as Office of Small and
Medium Enterprises Promotion (OSMEP) are in a leading role in promoting the use of e-commerce for
competitiveness, provide free homepage, email and training program for SMEs. Hence, understanding
the factors and advantages of e-commerce adoption become important. Today very few studies have
conducted to examine factors affecting e-commerce adoption by SMEs in Thailand. Specifically, the
purpose of this study is to test the relationships between e-commerce adoption and business success by
market turbulence and technological turbulence are a moderator of Thai SMEs. IT competence,
organizational support, and trust and security are antecedents of e-commerce adoption via competitive
pressure as a moderator, and research question of the study is what are factors affecting
e-commerce adoption by Thai SMEs.
This paper is organizes as follows. First, hypotheses are proposed in which each is derived from the
related literature. The next section address the data source and variables used in the empirical tests.
Analysis of the results from OLS regression will be reported in the following section. Lastly, discussion
and implications based on results will be drawn.