to chronic exposure will increase further under global warming, as increased temperatures increase heat stress and are often associated with higher pollution concentrations (Sarrat et al., 2006).
In the context of sustainable urban environments, there is increased interest on the provision of open spaces and environmental quality. A successful network of external public spaces promoting outdoor living can play an important role in cooling cities. It can also prevent people from withdrawing to air-conditioned indoor spaces, further burdening the environment under increased air temperatures due to urbanisation and climate change. Open spaces can be even more beneficial in neigh- bourhoods with poor socio-economic status. Increased outdoor presence enhances security and increases physical activity thus reducing the