RESULTS - MAIN STUDY
Many misconceptions were observed in this study, and they were combined into fourteen
groups: (1) subjective judgements; (2) example-based interpretations for possible and impossible;
(3) possible means certain; (4) chance cannot be measured mathematically; (5) equiprobability; (6)
outcome approach; (7) one trial is unrelated to other trials; (8) interpreting chance by data matching
or word matching; (9) increasing repetitions is not better for predicting; (10) positive and negative
recency; (11) used own methods in chance comparison; (12) taking different order as the same; (13)
misuse or extend conclusions inappropriately; and (14) used own methods of chance calculation.
The outcome approach, chance cannot be measured mathematically, compound approach and
equiprobability were the main misconceptions for each grade and each stream of student. The
results for these misconceptions is summarised in Table 1.