Chemical analysis of jars from the neolithic village Jiahu in the Henan province of northern China revealed traces of alcohol that were absorbed and preserved. According to a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, chemical analysis of the residue confirmed that a fermented drink made of grapes, hawthorn berries, honey, and rice was being produced in 7000–6650 BC.[3][4][5] The results of this analysis were published in December 2004.[5][6] This is approximately the time when barley beer and grape wine were beginning to be made in the Middle East.