The laminar jet reactor (Fig. 3(d)) was configured to introduce the liquid feed through a S.S. tube (0.32 cm inner diameter), which also served as the HV electrode. In the RVC HV reactor (Fig. 3(e)), the liquid feed passed through a reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) plate, which served as the HV electrode. All of the ‘‘bubbling’’ reactors (Fig. 3(f)–(i)) were the same as the corresponding non-bubbling reactors, but involved bubbling argon (2.1 L/min) through a gas diffuser (9.5 cm diameter) centered beneath the hole in the ring electrode. The design characteristics of all the reactors are summarized in Table 1. The treated solution was deionized water containing 7.5 mg/L (0.0157 mM) RhB with sodium chloride added to adjust the conductivity to 300 lS/cm. The pH was 5.4 for the untreated solution, and averaged 5.0 for the treated solution. The conductivity of the treated solution was 300–330 lS/cm. Due to variations in