Fingerprints refer to the line pattern of the mastoid section skin
of the human finger on the palm side. Fingerprints have unique
features: each person's fingerprint is different and is not changed
with time, and so can serve as an important means of personal
identification [1]. The characteristics of traces left when one's finger
touches materials make fingerprint traces “evidence of the first”, as
generally acclaimed by the world's judiciary systems [2e4].
Fingerprinting has an increasingly prominent role in criminal
investigation, making it the most direct, quickest and most
convenient way to find and investigate criminals for law enforcement
around the world [5,6]. Fingerprint information plays an
irreplaceable role in terms of forensic authentication for solving
cases, hence the establishment of complete fingerprint databases is
urgently needed in many countries. To build such a database, the
most important issue is to record the fingerprints accurately and
quickly. Currently, fingerprint scanners have three forms: vivo optical,
capacitive and pressure sensitive types. The fingerprint
stamping area can be divided into flat stamped fingerprints and
Fingerprints refer to the line pattern of the mastoid section skinof the human finger on the palm side. Fingerprints have uniquefeatures: each person's fingerprint is different and is not changedwith time, and so can serve as an important means of personalidentification [1]. The characteristics of traces left when one's fingertouches materials make fingerprint traces “evidence of the first”, asgenerally acclaimed by the world's judiciary systems [2e4].Fingerprinting has an increasingly prominent role in criminalinvestigation, making it the most direct, quickest and mostconvenient way to find and investigate criminals for law enforcementaround the world [5,6]. Fingerprint information plays anirreplaceable role in terms of forensic authentication for solvingcases, hence the establishment of complete fingerprint databases isurgently needed in many countries. To build such a database, themost important issue is to record the fingerprints accurately andquickly. Currently, fingerprint scanners have three forms: vivo optical,capacitive and pressure sensitive types. The fingerprintstamping area can be divided into flat stamped fingerprints and
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