Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 21.0(IBM, Corp. Armonk, NY) Pearson's Chisquared goodness-of-fit test was used to analyze the participants squared responses to questions in Section 4-Part 1 of the survey as well as problematic behaviors the prevalence of owner-reported potentially iors. Backward stepwise logistic regression analyses were per formed to identify factors that actually influenced presence of the behaviors. Initially, all owner, dog, and owner-dog variables were entered into the model, with the least significant variables removed one at a time untll only significant variables associated with values of P values lower than 0.05 remained. The significance of each predictor was assessed using likelihood ratio tests, and the odds ratio was calculated to evaluate the strength of such a relationship test was used to assess the goodness of fit Hosmer-Lemeshow The of the logistic regression models. If needed, Pearson's Chi-squared test of independence was applied in 2 x 2 contingency tables to investigate the sample of dogs in an attempt to find critical cues that might help interpret the results of the logistic regressions. Fisher's exact test was performed when the expected frequency of the observations was lower than 5. A 2-sided P value lower than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.