The presence of microorganisms and the inflammatory
products present in gingivitis/periodontitis
are capable of producing odoriferous substances.
Cross-sectional studies associated halitosis to the
presence of either gingivitis or periodontitis.
In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated the ability
of putative periodontal pathogens and products of
inflammation to produce volatile odoriferous compounds.
Therefore, the presence of periodontal
inflammation needs to be considered in the management
of halitosis.