tOn November 7, 2014, Aeras and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases convened aconference entitled “Vaccine Prevention of Sustained Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection.” The purposeof this meeting was to explore the biologic plausibility, potential public health and economic impact, andregulatory feasibility in attempting to develop a vaccine to prevent sustained infection with Mycobac-terium tuberculosis (Mtb). Currently there are two main goals for tuberculosis (TB) vaccine development,to develop a vaccine that could serve as a booster to Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination and pre-vent active TB in adolescents and adults, and to develop an improved vaccine to replace BCG in infants.Although prevention of sustained Mtb infection is being used as a proof of biological activity for vaccinesin mid-Phase 2 development, there currently are no plans for pursuing a prevention of Mtb infectionlicensure indication for TB vaccines. Ultimately, pursuing a prevention of sustained Mtb infection indi-cation for TB vaccines, in parallel with ongoing efforts to develop vaccines to prevent active TB disease,was deemed a potentially important effort, but would require further resources, particularly to improvediagnostic assays, to increase the regulatory feasibility of this endeavor.