For decades, the advertising and media industries have relied on conventional self-report surveys, experiments and focus groups to measure the wants and needs and predispositions consumers and audiences. In terms of predicting subsequent human actions in the marketplace, the results of these studies often have been disappointing. One explanation for these shortcomings has been the belief that subconsciously embedded, emotional drivers, rarely detected by conventional research methodologies, have a profound influence on individual decision-making. One alternative approach to access these hidden persuaders has been to use certain biological measures as substitutes for language-based self-reports (Martin, &Morich, 2011).
A burgeoning and highly competitive group of companies have taken relatively simple bio-metric measures, including heart rate, blood pressure, temperature, skin conductivity, eye tracking, and added more sophisticated tools, such as Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), Electroencephalography (EEG) to offer an array of subconscious indicators of emotional valence and cognitive interest. Recent technological breakthroughs have increased the speed, efficiency, and mobility of these measures to the point that a viable business enterprise has emerged called neuromarketing. Today, dozens of companies claim to be involved with some aspect of the biology of marketing and, in particular, measurable brain activity (Ariely&Berns, 2010; Hubert & Kenning, 2008; Lee, Broderick & Chamberlain, 2007).
While much controversy surrounds the reliability, validity and ethics of neuromarketing, this paper looks at a less-travelled area dealing with the marketing of neuromarketing. These companies must explain the technology, present themselves as a leader in the field, and persuade potential customers to risk revenue and reputation on this relatively new and somewhat controversial measurement technology. Therefore, the specific purpose our study was to ascertain the business-to-business brand message strategies employed by these firms to attract advertising and media clients. To that end, the researchers conducted a qualitative content analysis of 22 prominent neuromarketing company websites. The findings from this study are intended to shed light on the message techniques used to win the hearts and minds of potential clients, many of whom have not accepted wholeheartedly this unorthodox approach. In addition, the qualitative categories and strategic themes that emerged from this particular study might be useful for analyzing the marketing of other nascent research products.
Research on business-to-business (B2B) brand marketing strategies has received far less attention in academic research than business to consumer (B2C) research (Kotler&Waldemar, 2010). In addition, most published research on neuromarketing or other biologically-based measures have dealt with consumer responses to advertising, but in recent years this field also has attracted the attention of media companies, such as production studios, networks and other content providers (ARF Project, 2011). Consequently, neuromarketing has become a media management issue deserving the attention of media scholars and students. The authors wished to contribute to this underserved research domain by offering some worthwhile insights using a qualitative paradigm that enabled the researchers to interpret statements rather than merely count incidences of explicit statements.
This study begins with an overview of neuromarketing today and in particular, a recent project conducted by the Advertising Research Foundation (ARF), which was the initial inspiration for this study. Next, we provide summation of branding principles as they would apply to this topic and how these precepts served as a conceptual framework for the content analysis. The following section presents the basic research question and discusses the reasoning for using a qualitative methodology to answer it. The operational components of the study are then disclosed, including the website selection process, constant comparative coding schemes, and reliability checks. The paper concludes with commentary and suggestions for future research
For decades, the advertising and media industries have relied on conventional self-report surveys, experiments and focus groups to measure the wants and needs and predispositions consumers and audiences. In terms of predicting subsequent human actions in the marketplace, the results of these studies often have been disappointing. One explanation for these shortcomings has been the belief that subconsciously embedded, emotional drivers, rarely detected by conventional research methodologies, have a profound influence on individual decision-making. One alternative approach to access these hidden persuaders has been to use certain biological measures as substitutes for language-based self-reports (Martin, &Morich, 2011).
A burgeoning and highly competitive group of companies have taken relatively simple bio-metric measures, including heart rate, blood pressure, temperature, skin conductivity, eye tracking, and added more sophisticated tools, such as Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), Electroencephalography (EEG) to offer an array of subconscious indicators of emotional valence and cognitive interest. Recent technological breakthroughs have increased the speed, efficiency, and mobility of these measures to the point that a viable business enterprise has emerged called neuromarketing. Today, dozens of companies claim to be involved with some aspect of the biology of marketing and, in particular, measurable brain activity (Ariely&Berns, 2010; Hubert & Kenning, 2008; Lee, Broderick & Chamberlain, 2007).
While much controversy surrounds the reliability, validity and ethics of neuromarketing, this paper looks at a less-travelled area dealing with the marketing of neuromarketing. These companies must explain the technology, present themselves as a leader in the field, and persuade potential customers to risk revenue and reputation on this relatively new and somewhat controversial measurement technology. Therefore, the specific purpose our study was to ascertain the business-to-business brand message strategies employed by these firms to attract advertising and media clients. To that end, the researchers conducted a qualitative content analysis of 22 prominent neuromarketing company websites. The findings from this study are intended to shed light on the message techniques used to win the hearts and minds of potential clients, many of whom have not accepted wholeheartedly this unorthodox approach. In addition, the qualitative categories and strategic themes that emerged from this particular study might be useful for analyzing the marketing of other nascent research products.
Research on business-to-business (B2B) brand marketing strategies has received far less attention in academic research than business to consumer (B2C) research (Kotler&Waldemar, 2010). In addition, most published research on neuromarketing or other biologically-based measures have dealt with consumer responses to advertising, but in recent years this field also has attracted the attention of media companies, such as production studios, networks and other content providers (ARF Project, 2011). Consequently, neuromarketing has become a media management issue deserving the attention of media scholars and students. The authors wished to contribute to this underserved research domain by offering some worthwhile insights using a qualitative paradigm that enabled the researchers to interpret statements rather than merely count incidences of explicit statements.
This study begins with an overview of neuromarketing today and in particular, a recent project conducted by the Advertising Research Foundation (ARF), which was the initial inspiration for this study. Next, we provide summation of branding principles as they would apply to this topic and how these precepts served as a conceptual framework for the content analysis. The following section presents the basic research question and discusses the reasoning for using a qualitative methodology to answer it. The operational components of the study are then disclosed, including the website selection process, constant comparative coding schemes, and reliability checks. The paper concludes with commentary and suggestions for future research
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