Research limitations/implications – The data collection using convenience sampling method as
well as the use of small sample size caused the limitation of the research results in representing across
all paratransit passengers in the three cities where the research was conducted in. This study can be
replicated with larger sample size in order to examine the stability of the results in other contexts.
Practical implications – The research results shows that sacrifice, SQ, and PV affect the BI of
paratransit passengers. Thus, the management of paratransit service provider should consider
and manage all of these factors proactively