Focus groups and interviewsปลา
Focus groups were held in a private room in the clinic; interviews were conducted by telephone. Experienced, trained research staff used a semi-structured interview guide to facilitate discussion. The guide included open-ended questions asking participants to describe their breathing-related symptoms and COPD risk-related experiences; COPD patients were also asked to consider these issues relative to their recent diagnosis. Sample questions for the COPD Groups (1 and 2) included the following: ‘Looking back, were there any ‘signals’ that suggested you might have a breathing condition?’ and ‘What symptoms or experiences did you have that led you to believe you might have a breathing problem?’ Sample questions for those without COPD (3 and 4) included the following: ‘Describe your breathing for us. Are there any other symptoms you associate with your breathing?’ and ‘Can you think of any other experiences related to the symptoms we just discussed?’
Two researchers were present during focus groups: one served as moderator (LTM), while the second observed and took field notes (KK or AWS). Groups lasted 1.5–2 h, with breaks taken as needed. Telephone interviews were 1:1 (LTM, KK or AWS), with the interviewer taking notes, and they lasted for 20–50 min. Focus groups and interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim, with the data cleaned and de-identified for analyses.
Peak expiratory flow
Following each focus group or interview, clinical staff performed PEF on each participant using electronic (Vitalograph Asma-1 USB, Lenexa, KS, USA) and manual (Vitalograph AsmaPlan mech PFM) devices. Order of administration was randomised; SafeTway disposable mouthpieces were used. Upon completion, participants and staff completed ease-of-use ratings (very easy, easy, neither difficult nor easy, difficult or very difficult to use).
Focus groups and interviewsปลาFocus groups were held in a private room in the clinic; interviews were conducted by telephone. Experienced, trained research staff used a semi-structured interview guide to facilitate discussion. The guide included open-ended questions asking participants to describe their breathing-related symptoms and COPD risk-related experiences; COPD patients were also asked to consider these issues relative to their recent diagnosis. Sample questions for the COPD Groups (1 and 2) included the following: ‘Looking back, were there any ‘signals’ that suggested you might have a breathing condition?’ and ‘What symptoms or experiences did you have that led you to believe you might have a breathing problem?’ Sample questions for those without COPD (3 and 4) included the following: ‘Describe your breathing for us. Are there any other symptoms you associate with your breathing?’ and ‘Can you think of any other experiences related to the symptoms we just discussed?’Two researchers were present during focus groups: one served as moderator (LTM), while the second observed and took field notes (KK or AWS). Groups lasted 1.5–2 h, with breaks taken as needed. Telephone interviews were 1:1 (LTM, KK or AWS), with the interviewer taking notes, and they lasted for 20–50 min. Focus groups and interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim, with the data cleaned and de-identified for analyses.Peak expiratory flowFollowing each focus group or interview, clinical staff performed PEF on each participant using electronic (Vitalograph Asma-1 USB, Lenexa, KS, USA) and manual (Vitalograph AsmaPlan mech PFM) devices. Order of administration was randomised; SafeTway disposable mouthpieces were used. Upon completion, participants and staff completed ease-of-use ratings (very easy, easy, neither difficult nor easy, difficult or very difficult to use).
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