The materials used in this study were, potable water; ASTM type I ordinary Portland
cement (OPC) with a specific gravity of 3.14 and Blaine specific surface area of
3510 cm2/g; local mining sand with specific gravity, fineness modulus, water
absorption and maximum grain size of 2.68, 2.65, 0.94% and 4.75 mm, respectively.
Sika viscocrete superplasticizer, supplied by Sika in conformity with EN 934-2, was
used in the range of 0.8–1.8% of cement weight