Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism
Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, vol. 14, no. 4, pp.
386–391, 1990.
[79] S. Sherlock, “Hepatic encephalopathy,” in Diseases of the Liver
and Biliary System, pp. 109–110, Blackwell Scientific, Oxford,
UK, 8th edition, 1989.
[80] A. Donaghy, “Issues of malnutrition and bone disease in
patients with cirrhosis,” Journal of Gastroenterology and
Hepatology, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 462–466, 2002.
[81] J. K. Heyman, C. J. Whitfield, K. E. Brock, G. W. McCaughan, and A. J. Donaghy, “Dietary protein intakes in patients with hepatic encephalopathy and cirrhosis: current practice in NSW and ACT,” Medical Journal of Australia, vol. 185, no.
10, pp. 542–543, 2006.
[82] K. D. Mullen and S. Dasarathy, “Protein restriction in hepatic
encephalopathy: necessary evil or illogical dogma?” Journal of
Hepatology, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 147–148, 2004.
[83] M. Plauth, M. Merli, J. Kondrup, A. Weimann, P. Ferenci, and M. J. Mu ̈ller, “ESPEN guidelines for nutrition in liver disease and transplantation,” Clinical Nutrition, vol. 16, no. 2, pp.
43–55, 1997.
[84] M. Plauth, M. Merli, and J. Kondrup, “Management of
hepatic encephalopathy,” New England Journal of Medicine,
vol. 337, no. 26, pp. 1921–1922, 1997.
[85] M. Merli and O. Riggio, “Dietary and nutritional indications
in hepatic encephalopathy,” Metabolic Brain Disease, vol. 24,
no. 1, pp. 211–221, 2009.
[86] N. J. Greenberger, J. Carley, S. Schenker, I. Bettinger, C.
Stamnes, and P. Beyer, “Effect of vegetable and animal protein diets in chronic hepatic encephalopathy,” American Journal of Digestive Diseases, vol. 22, no. 10, pp. 845–855, 1977.
[87] A. Keshavarzian, J. Meek, C. Sutton, V. M. Emery, E. A. Hughes, and H. J. Hodgson, “Dietary protein supple- mentation from vegetable sources in the management of chronic portal systemic encephalopathy,” American Journal of Gastroenterology, vol. 79, no. 12, pp. 945–949, 1984.
[88] G. P. Bianchi, G. Marchesini, A. Fabbri et al., “Vegetable versus animal protein diet in cirrhotic patients with chronic encephalopathy. A randomized cross-over comparison,” Journal of Internal Medicine, vol. 233, no. 5, pp. 385–392, 1993.
[89] D. K. Podolsky and K. J. Isselbacher, “Maladie alcoolique du foie et cirrhoses,” in Harrison M ́edecine Interne, pp. 1483– 1495, 13th edition, 1995.
[90] S. Sherlock, Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System, Blackwell Scientific, 9th edition, 1993.
[91] P. Felig and J. Wahren, “Protein turnover and amino acid metabolism in the regulation of gluconeogenesis,” Federation Proceedings, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 1092–1097, 1974.
[92] P. B. Soeters and J. E. Fischer, “Insulin, glucagon, aminoacid imbalance, and hepatic encephalopathy,” Lancet, vol. 2, no. 7991, pp. 880–882, 1976.
[93] T. Tomiya, Y. Inoue, M. Yanase et al., “Leucine stimulates the secretion of hepatocyte growth factor by hepatic stellate cells,” Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol. 297, no. 5, pp. 1108–1111, 2002.
[94] J. Co ́ rdoba, J. Lo ́ pez-Hell ́ın, M. Planas et al., “Normal protein diet for episodic hepatic encephalopathy: results of a randomized study,” Journal of Hepatology, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 38–43, 2004.
[95] L. S. Eriksson, A. Persson, and J. Wahren, “Branched- chain amino acids in the treatment of chronic hepatic encephalopathy,” Gut, vol. 23, no. 10, pp. 801–806, 1982.
[96] J. Wahren, J. Denis, P. Desurmont et al., “Is intravenous administration of branched chain amino acids effective in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy? A multicenter study,” Hepatology, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 475–480, 1983.
[97] E. H. Egberts, H. Schomerus, W. Hamster, and P. Ju ̈rgens, “Branched chain amino acids in the treatment of latent portosystemic encephalopathy. A double-blind placebo- controlled crossover study,” Gastroenterology, vol. 88, no. 4, pp. 887–895, 1985.
[98] M. Plauth, E. H. Egberts, W. Hamster et al., “Long- term treatment of latent portosystemic encephalopathy with branched-chain amino acids. A double-blind placebo- controlled crossover study,” Journal of Hepatology, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 308–314, 1993.
[99] G. Marchesini, G. Bianchi, M. Merli et al., “Nutritional sup- plementation with branched-chain amino acids in advanced cirrhosis: a double-blind, randomized trial,” Gastroenterol- ogy, vol. 124, no. 7, pp. 1792–1801, 2003.
[100] M. Iwasa, K. Matsumura, Y. Watanabe et al., “Improve- ment of regional cerebral blood flow after treatment with branched-chain amino acid solutions in patients with cir- rhosis,” European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 733–737, 2003.
[101] Y. Muto, S. Sato, A. Watanabe et al., “Effects of oral branched-chain amino acid granules on event-free survival in patients with liver cirrhosis,” Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, vol. 3, no. 7, pp. 705–713, 2005.
[102] Y. Nakaya, K. Okita, K. Suzuki et al., “BCAA-enriched snack improves nutritional state of cirrhosis,” Nutrition, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 113–120, 2007.
[103] H. Fukushima, Y. Miwa, E. Ida et al., “Nocturnal branched- chain amino acid administration improves protein metabolism in patients with liver cirrhosis: comparison with daytime administration,” Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 315–322, 2003.
[104] G. Bianchi, R. Marzocchi, F. Agostini, and G. Marchesini, “Update on nutritional supplementation with branched- chain amino acids,” Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 83–87, 2005.
[105] S. Khanna and S. Gopalan, “Role of branched-chain amino acids in liver disease: the evidence for and against,” Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 297–303, 2007.
[106] P. Clot, M. Tabone, S. Arico`, and E. Albano, “Monitoring oxidative damage in patients with liver cirrhosis and different daily alcohol intake,” Gut, vol. 35, no. 11, pp. 1637–1643, 1994.
[107] S. Moscarella, A. Duchini, and G. Buzzelli, “Lipoperox- idation, trace elements and vitamin E in patients with liver cirrhosis,” European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, vol. 6, no. 7, pp. 633–636, 1994.
[108] A. Nagita and M. Ando, “Assessment of hepatic vitamin E status in adult patients with liver disease,” Hepatology, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 392–397, 1997.
[109] S. A. Harrison, S. Torgerson, P. Hayashi, J. Ward, and S. Schenker, “Vitamin E and vitamin C treatment improves fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis,” Amer- ican Journal of Gastroenterology, vol. 98, no. 11, pp. 2485– 2490, 2003.
[110] M. Kugelmas, D. B. Hill, B. Vivian, L. Marsano, and C. J. McClain, “Cytokines and NASH: a pilot study of the effects of lifestyle modification and vitamin E,” Hepatology, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 413–419, 2003.
Journal of Nutrition and MetabolismJournal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, vol. 14, no. 4, pp.386–391, 1990.[79] S. Sherlock, “Hepatic encephalopathy,” in Diseases of the Liverand Biliary System, pp. 109–110, Blackwell Scientific, Oxford,UK, 8th edition, 1989.[80] A. Donaghy, “Issues of malnutrition and bone disease inpatients with cirrhosis,” Journal of Gastroenterology andHepatology, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 462–466, 2002.[81] J. K. Heyman, C. J. Whitfield, K. E. Brock, G. W. McCaughan, and A. J. Donaghy, “Dietary protein intakes in patients with hepatic encephalopathy and cirrhosis: current practice in NSW and ACT,” Medical Journal of Australia, vol. 185, no.10, pp. 542–543, 2006.[82] K. D. Mullen and S. Dasarathy, “Protein restriction in hepaticencephalopathy: necessary evil or illogical dogma?” Journal ofHepatology, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 147–148, 2004.[83] M. Plauth, M. Merli, J. Kondrup, A. Weimann, P. Ferenci, and M. J. Mu ̈ller, “ESPEN guidelines for nutrition in liver disease and transplantation,” Clinical Nutrition, vol. 16, no. 2, pp.43–55, 1997.[84] M. Plauth, M. Merli, and J. Kondrup, “Management ofhepatic encephalopathy,” New England Journal of Medicine,vol. 337, no. 26, pp. 1921–1922, 1997.[85] M. Merli and O. Riggio, “Dietary and nutritional indicationsin hepatic encephalopathy,” Metabolic Brain Disease, vol. 24,no. 1, pp. 211–221, 2009.[86] N. J. Greenberger, J. Carley, S. Schenker, I. Bettinger, C.Stamnes, and P. Beyer, “Effect of vegetable and animal protein diets in chronic hepatic encephalopathy,” American Journal of Digestive Diseases, vol. 22, no. 10, pp. 845–855, 1977.[87] A. Keshavarzian, J. Meek, C. Sutton, V. M. Emery, E. A. Hughes, and H. J. Hodgson, “Dietary protein supple- mentation from vegetable sources in the management of chronic portal systemic encephalopathy,” American Journal of Gastroenterology, vol. 79, no. 12, pp. 945–949, 1984.[88] G. P. Bianchi, G. Marchesini, A. Fabbri et al., “Vegetable versus animal protein diet in cirrhotic patients with chronic encephalopathy. A randomized cross-over comparison,” Journal of Internal Medicine, vol. 233, no. 5, pp. 385–392, 1993.[89] D. K. Podolsky and K. J. Isselbacher, “Maladie alcoolique du foie et cirrhoses,” in Harrison M ́edecine Interne, pp. 1483– 1495, 13th edition, 1995.[90] S. Sherlock, Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System, Blackwell Scientific, 9th edition, 1993.[91] P. Felig and J. Wahren, “Protein turnover and amino acid metabolism in the regulation of gluconeogenesis,” Federation Proceedings, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 1092–1097, 1974.[92] P. B. Soeters and J. E. Fischer, “Insulin, glucagon, aminoacid imbalance, and hepatic encephalopathy,” Lancet, vol. 2, no. 7991, pp. 880–882, 1976.[93] T. Tomiya, Y. Inoue, M. Yanase et al., “Leucine stimulates the secretion of hepatocyte growth factor by hepatic stellate cells,” Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol. 297, no. 5, pp. 1108–1111, 2002.[94] J. Co ́ rdoba, J. Lo ́ pez-Hell ́ın, M. Planas et al., “Normal protein diet for episodic hepatic encephalopathy: results of a randomized study,” Journal of Hepatology, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 38–43, 2004.[95] L. S. Eriksson, A. Persson, and J. Wahren, “Branched- chain amino acids in the treatment of chronic hepatic encephalopathy,” Gut, vol. 23, no. 10, pp. 801–806, 1982.[96] J. Wahren, J. Denis, P. Desurmont et al., “Is intravenous administration of branched chain amino acids effective in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy? A multicenter study,” Hepatology, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 475–480, 1983.[97] E. H. Egberts, H. Schomerus, W. Hamster, and P. Ju ̈rgens, “Branched chain amino acids in the treatment of latent portosystemic encephalopathy. A double-blind placebo- controlled crossover study,” Gastroenterology, vol. 88, no. 4, pp. 887–895, 1985.[98] M. Plauth, E. H. Egberts, W. Hamster et al., “Long- term treatment of latent portosystemic encephalopathy with branched-chain amino acids. A double-blind placebo- controlled crossover study,” Journal of Hepatology, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 308–314, 1993.[99] G. Marchesini, G. Bianchi, M. Merli et al., “Nutritional sup- plementation with branched-chain amino acids in advanced cirrhosis: a double-blind, randomized trial,” Gastroenterol- ogy, vol. 124, no. 7, pp. 1792–1801, 2003.[100] M. Iwasa, K. Matsumura, Y. Watanabe et al., “Improve- ment of regional cerebral blood flow after treatment with branched-chain amino acid solutions in patients with cir- rhosis,” European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 733–737, 2003.
[101] Y. Muto, S. Sato, A. Watanabe et al., “Effects of oral branched-chain amino acid granules on event-free survival in patients with liver cirrhosis,” Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, vol. 3, no. 7, pp. 705–713, 2005.
[102] Y. Nakaya, K. Okita, K. Suzuki et al., “BCAA-enriched snack improves nutritional state of cirrhosis,” Nutrition, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 113–120, 2007.
[103] H. Fukushima, Y. Miwa, E. Ida et al., “Nocturnal branched- chain amino acid administration improves protein metabolism in patients with liver cirrhosis: comparison with daytime administration,” Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 315–322, 2003.
[104] G. Bianchi, R. Marzocchi, F. Agostini, and G. Marchesini, “Update on nutritional supplementation with branched- chain amino acids,” Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 83–87, 2005.
[105] S. Khanna and S. Gopalan, “Role of branched-chain amino acids in liver disease: the evidence for and against,” Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 297–303, 2007.
[106] P. Clot, M. Tabone, S. Arico`, and E. Albano, “Monitoring oxidative damage in patients with liver cirrhosis and different daily alcohol intake,” Gut, vol. 35, no. 11, pp. 1637–1643, 1994.
[107] S. Moscarella, A. Duchini, and G. Buzzelli, “Lipoperox- idation, trace elements and vitamin E in patients with liver cirrhosis,” European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, vol. 6, no. 7, pp. 633–636, 1994.
[108] A. Nagita and M. Ando, “Assessment of hepatic vitamin E status in adult patients with liver disease,” Hepatology, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 392–397, 1997.
[109] S. A. Harrison, S. Torgerson, P. Hayashi, J. Ward, and S. Schenker, “Vitamin E and vitamin C treatment improves fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis,” Amer- ican Journal of Gastroenterology, vol. 98, no. 11, pp. 2485– 2490, 2003.
[110] M. Kugelmas, D. B. Hill, B. Vivian, L. Marsano, and C. J. McClain, “Cytokines and NASH: a pilot study of the effects of lifestyle modification and vitamin E,” Hepatology, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 413–419, 2003.
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