Our results showed that, in part, the simulated optimal manage-ment could offset potentially negative impacts of climate change(example: Bakht and Spitamen). This means that better agronomicmanagement already nowadays constitutes a tool for addressingpotential threats of CC. Changing the time of planting and fertilizerand irrigation application, adjusting input amounts, or adoptingresource conserving agronomic management practices, such asConservation Agriculture – all of which were not further con-sidered in our study – may add to this toolbox of opportunities.Further in-depth (modeling) studies are required to investigatetheir CC adaptation potential. A few aspects of CC, however, maynot easily be addressed by changing only agronomic management.Shrinking irrigation water resources, for example, may only becoped with up to certain extent. Adapting irrigation managementto 30–40% reduction in irrigation, as has been published by Perelet(2007) as the most drastic decline in water availability, is a bigchallenge, especially if drainage infrastructure is suboptimal andsecondary soil salinization a constant threat. Especially Uzbek-istan, but also parts of Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan, suffer