Slide 7: The inclusion criteria were:
(1) Thai school age children 8 to 11 years old
(2) Anticipated hospital stay of at least 24 hours
(3) Admission into the hospital the day before surgery
(4) Ability to read and speak the Thai language
(5) Normal cognitive ability as determined by age-appropriate grade
(6) The parent or guardian is present during admission
(7) Patient had no previous experience of hospitalization.
The exclusion criteria were hospitalized Thai school age children 8 to 11 years old who:
(1) have cognitive impairment,
(2) have physical or psychological conditions that are not appropriate to participating in the PPPI, such as blindness, deafness, mental retardation, or psychiatric conditions,
(3) have a psychological condition requiring consultation with a specialist or special care.