Natural science critics point out that the advantages of indigenous knowledge systems over development based on Western scientific knowledge have not been adequately demonstrated. Others highlight the problems of transferring specific indigenous knowledge systems to other contexts. Social scientists argue that proponents of indigenous knowledge systems stereotype farmers as static, ahistorical, exotic, and noble savages.
Despite the critique, the development community is beginning to recognize that historically contingent indigenous knowledge systems can benefit smallholder development. In other cases, indigenous knowledge systems may contribute little to sustainable development because certain historical and traditional practices may not be relevant or adaptable to the contemporary world. Some indigenous knowledge systems can be combined successfully with Western scientific knowledge (DeWalt 1999). However,traditional practices that have little relevance today may become important in the future.