The described trend is in part associated to a decoupling between research and management decisions, which should be articulated in order to increase the policy-relevance of ES knowledge (Mastrangelo et al., 2014 and Bennett et al., 2015). ES research has great potential to contribute to finding solutions to socio-environmental problems driven by agricultural change in Argentina, but its development is incipient. Such potential stems from the flexibility of the ES approach to produce normative and transformative knowledge adapted to the particularities of socio-ecological contexts (Díaz et al., 2011 and Abson et al., 2014). As agricultural change is taking place in and contributing to configure contrasting socio-ecological contexts in Pampean and extra-Pampean regions, we expect differences in the way in which the ES approach is being applied in these contrasting contexts. We believe it is timely to identify context-specific research needs and gaps in order to propose future directions for increasing the policy-relevance of ES research.