In this research, the survey was conducted one time. In order to support accuracy and
serve as a guide for conservation and determination of population viability analysis (PVA;
Akçakaya, 2005) of rufous-necked hornbills, field surveys should be repeated several times (n >
2). In addition, density should be estimated separately for the breeding and non-breeding season
because the distribution of rufous-necked hornbills is different in each season which will affect
the density analysis. However, the intensity and frequency of surveys must consider for example;
time period, travel, budget, accessibility of the area, and number of observers as well. In
addition, the radial distances should be measured exactly rather than in intervals.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS