The meat hydrolysate was adjusted to pH 6.0 and refluxed at 90°C on a waterbath.
It was then cooled and spray dried using an inlet temperature of 180°C and an outlet temperature of 95°C, to obtain a flavor powder.
The reaction time for the refluxed beef hydrolysate (BH-R) and refluxed pork hydrolysate (PH-R) was 2 h, while that for the refluxed chicken hydrolysate (CH-R) was 4 h.