Tracheal tug – indrawing and downward pull of the trachea during inspiration 5. Flail chest – the ballooning out of the chest wall through injured rib spaces; results in paradoxical breathing, during which the chest wall balloons on expiration but is depressed or sucked inward on inspiration Secretions and coughing 1. Hemoptysis - the presence of blood in the sputum 2. Productive cough – a cough accompanied by expectorated secretions 3. Nonproductive cough – a dry, harsh cough without secretions
Major Factors Influencing Respiratory Rate 1. Exercise (increases metabolism) – increase RR 2. Stress (readies the body for “fight or flight”) – increase RR 3. Environment (increase temperature) – increase RR 4. Increased altitude (lower oxygen concentration) – increase RR 5. Certain medications (ex. narcotics, analgesic) – decrease RR