The impacts of complex, non-linear changes in the Earth
System are already having serious consequences for
human well-being such as:
• multiple and interacting factors, including droughts
combined with socio-economic pressures, affect
human security;
• increases of average temperature above threshold
levels in some places has led to significant human
health impacts such as increased incidences of malaria;
• increased frequency and severity of climatic events,
such as floods and droughts, to an unprecedented
level affect both natural assets and human security;
• accelerating changes of temperature and sea level rise are
affecting human well-being in some places. For example,
they affect the social cohesion of many communities
including indigenous and local ones, and sea level rise
poses a threat to some natural assets and the food
security of the small island developing states; and
• substantial biodiversity loss and on-going extinction
of species are affecting the provision of ecosystem