The definition of Big Data goes beyond the dimension of volume; it includes the types and
frequency of data that are disruptive to traditional database management tools. Minelli et al. (2013) described velocity as the speed at which data is created, accumulated, ingested, and
processed. Sathi (2012) described velocity in terms of throughput and latency. Harris remarked:
Social media data streams, such as Twitter data, produce a large influx of data at high frequency,
which ensures large volumes, over 8 TB per day (Oracle, 2012). Real-time analysis and response
to such data are characteristic of Big Data management in many business situations. IBM (2013)
provided examples of velocity that include scrutinizing 5 million trade events created each day to
identify potential fraud, and analyzing 500 million daily call detail records in real-time to predict
customer churn faster. Maddox (2012), indicated a “10 millisecond in the spot demonstrates just
how fast technology is able to provide feedback to its advertisers about online audience
behavior” (para. 8). Marketers use real-time social media, Web browsing and transactional data
to tailor real-time responses to target individuals and segments. Companies monitor their internal
operations and environments in real-time and generate real-time responses. Big Data with high
velocity has created opportunities and requirements for organizations to increase the capability of
real-time sense and response.