Conclusion Older people are at an increased risk of inadequate diet and malnutrition, and the rise in the older population will
put more patients at risk. Inadequate diet and malnutrition are associated with a decline in functional status, impaired muscle function, decreased bone mass, immune dysfunction, anemia, reduced cognitive function, poor wound healing, delay in recovering from surgery, and higher hospital and readmission rates and mortality. Aging is associated with a decline in number of physiological functions that can affect nutritional status, including reduced lean body mass, changes in cytokine and hormonal levels, delayed gastric emptying, changes in fluid electrolyte regulation, and diminished sense of smell and taste. Pathological causes such as chronic illness, depression, medications and social isolation can all play a role in nutritional inadequacy. Screening is vital in identifying and monitoring patients. The MUST tool has been well validated and is easy to use. Management involves treating pathological causes such as poor dentition and optimizing the management of chronic diseases. Patients with physical or cognitive impairment require special care and attention. Oral liquid high-energy supplements or enteral feeding should be considered in high risk patients or in patients unable to meet daily requirements.
Conclusion Older people are at an increased risk of inadequate diet and malnutrition, and the rise in the older population will put more patients at risk. Inadequate diet and malnutrition are associated with a decline in functional status, impaired muscle function, decreased bone mass, immune dysfunction, anemia, reduced cognitive function, poor wound healing, delay in recovering from surgery, and higher hospital and readmission rates and mortality. Aging is associated with a decline in number of physiological functions that can affect nutritional status, including reduced lean body mass, changes in cytokine and hormonal levels, delayed gastric emptying, changes in fluid electrolyte regulation, and diminished sense of smell and taste. Pathological causes such as chronic illness, depression, medications and social isolation can all play a role in nutritional inadequacy. Screening is vital in identifying and monitoring patients. The MUST tool has been well validated and is easy to use. Management involves treating pathological causes such as poor dentition and optimizing the management of chronic diseases. Patients with physical or cognitive impairment require special care and attention. Oral liquid high-energy supplements or enteral feeding should be considered in high risk patients or in patients unable to meet daily requirements.
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