IRs now exist in a rather contested space. Early hopes that IRs would impact the scholarly publishing sphere have been dampened by low selfarchiving rates (McDowell, 2007). As noted above, the collection and preservation of grey literature, data sets, and other unpublished material has been called a distraction from self-archiving and open access, touted as the “primary” purpose of IRs by some open access advocates. Current software packages often are inadequate to manage the range of materials collected (particularly data sets) and fail to provide the range of services that repository managers are finding their users want. Preservation—a stated goal of many IRs—is often an afterthought, as repository managers focus on getting material into IRs first (see Rieh et al., in this issue). In many cases, IRs are not part of a larger vision for services the library can provide to the institution, but are isolated projects without a strong base of support (see Salo and Rieh et al. in this issue). Given all of these factors, where will IRs be in the next five or ten years?