For example, as organizational researchers such as Raymond Miles, Charles Snow, and
Danny Miller have shown, highly successful companies that strive to keep on the edge of
change invariably pursue strategies of constant innovation and product breakthrough backed
by flexible, organic structures. Successful companies that seek to build competitive
advantage around high-quality, cost-effective “second-generation” products that are highly
innovative but not always at the leading edge combine flexibility and control in a more
structured way. Organizations that have a well-established niche that they can defend through
low-cost, high-quality strategies that keep potential competitors away have bureaucratized,
tightly controlled structures.