1. Introduction
It is currently hypothesised that many diseases are due to oxidative stress that results from an imbalance between the formation and detoxification of prooxidants. Oxidative stress is initiated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are produced as a by-product of electron transport in mitochondria [1]. The increase in ROS generation or decreased antioxidant availability can result in a net increase in intracellular ROS. Normally, intracellular molecules including mitochondrial antioxidants prevent cellular damage produced by endogenous ROS. In living systems, free radicals and ROS are constantly generated and cause extensive damage to tissues and in various disease conditions, particularly degenerative diseases, and also lead to extensive lysis [2]. Therefore, the mechanism of action of many synthetic drugs involves free radical scavenging, which protects against oxidative damage but has adverse side effects[3]. An alternative isthe consumption of natural antioxidants fromvariousfood supplements and traditionalmedicines [4], and there is increased interest among phytotherapy researchers to use medicinal plants with antioxidant activity for protection against oxidative stress.
1. Introduction It is currently hypothesised that many diseases are due to oxidative stress that results from an imbalance between the formation and detoxification of prooxidants. Oxidative stress is initiated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are produced as a by-product of electron transport in mitochondria [1]. The increase in ROS generation or decreased antioxidant availability can result in a net increase in intracellular ROS. Normally, intracellular molecules including mitochondrial antioxidants prevent cellular damage produced by endogenous ROS. In living systems, free radicals and ROS are constantly generated and cause extensive damage to tissues and in various disease conditions, particularly degenerative diseases, and also lead to extensive lysis [2]. Therefore, the mechanism of action of many synthetic drugs involves free radical scavenging, which protects against oxidative damage but has adverse side effects[3]. An alternative isthe consumption of natural antioxidants fromvariousfood supplements and traditionalmedicines [4], and there is increased interest among phytotherapy researchers to use medicinal plants with antioxidant activity for protection against oxidative stress.
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