Where the shift from statis to dynamis appears as a rejection of modern pastoralism and its inherent contradictions, the expansion of the utilitarian to include both man-made and natural systems appease more like an extension of modern pastoralism and the old dream of achieving harmony between man and nature. The machine is no longer accommodated in the garden, but the garden itself becomes part of an environmental machine that can be optimized (see Figure 7.4). Man-made and natural systems together are described as “surface systems” (Belanger 2009,92).