Theory and Phase 3. All three levels of change theories—individual, interpersonal, and community—can be useful at this stage of the planning process (Table 18.1). Individual-level theories generally are most appropriate for addressing predisposing factors. They help planners identify messages for direct communication methods such as mass media and face-to-face education, as well as for newer technologies such as computer tailoring of health messages (Kreuter, Farrell, Olevitch, and Brennan, 2000). Interpersonal-level theories are most appropriate for reinforcing factors, and they suggest indirect communication channels (for example, through significant others, social networks) and methods (for example, train-the-trainer models, social support enhancement). Community-level theories are most appropriate for enabling factors, and they suggest environmental changes (for example, organization and delivery of services; availability of products; policies, laws, and regulations that govern products and behaviors,) and methods such as grassroots organizing and advocacy (Clark and McLeroy, 1995).