Scheme of different types of systemic resistance. The systemic acquired resistance
(SAR, the left scheme part) is triggered upon pathogen attack, foliar treatments of plants
with MAMPs, DAMPs, plant phytohormones or chemical activators. After the recognition
by a sensor, the plant cell triggers complex signaling and defense responses, including
production of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, antimicrobial phytoalexins or cell wall
fortification with callose or lignin. Local defenses are followed by the production of mobile
signals that are transported via xylem and prime distal plant parts for defense compounds
accumulation. Induced systemic resistance (ISR, the right scheme part) can be triggered by
root colonization with plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) or fungi (PFPF). ISR
is SA-independent, governed mainly by jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET). Both SAR
and ISR prime for enhanced and accelerated defenses upon subsequent biotic and abiotic
stresses. Redrawn and modified from P
Scheme of different types of systemic resistance. The systemic acquired resistance(SAR, the left scheme part) is triggered upon pathogen attack, foliar treatments of plantswith MAMPs, DAMPs, plant phytohormones or chemical activators. After the recognitionby a sensor, the plant cell triggers complex signaling and defense responses, includingproduction of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, antimicrobial phytoalexins or cell wallfortification with callose or lignin. Local defenses are followed by the production of mobilesignals that are transported via xylem and prime distal plant parts for defense compoundsaccumulation. Induced systemic resistance (ISR, the right scheme part) can be triggered byroot colonization with plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) or fungi (PFPF). ISRis SA-independent, governed mainly by jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET). Both SARand ISR prime for enhanced and accelerated defenses upon subsequent biotic and abioticstresses. Redrawn and modified from P
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
