5. The contempoary great international city (post-1979}. The contemporary city is a direct produced of the economic reform process that introduced foreign investment, private and semi-private enterprises, economic competition and speculation, and real-estate markets. The most fundamental structural change has been a trend towards the separation of housing and workplace (Figure 22.11). The second is the re- establishment of specialised commercial and business districts in cities, creating an urban commercial network and urban hierarchy. A third major structural change is the establishment of industrial development zones designed to attract FDI. These new residential, commercial and industrial clusters are increasingly linked by modern transport infrastructure that includes expressways, subways and light rail systems akin to those found in Western cities. Other physical symbols of the convergence of urban forms in Chinese and Western cities are evident in the introduction of landmark office towers, international hotels, foreign chain stores, shopping malls, and in the common processes of economic tertiarisation, suburbanisation and increasing socio-spatial polarisation.