1. NCREL and Metiri Group (2003) have identified the enGauge 21st century skills which need to be acquired by future generation in order to meet the challenges of globalization due to the advancement of information and technology. There are four main domains specified in the 21st century skills namely digital age literacy, inventive thinking, effective communication and high productivity. The digital-age literacy skills in accordance NCREL (2003) consist of basic literacy, scientific literacy, economic literacy, technological literacy, visual literacy, information literacy and multicultural literacy. Basic literacy means language proficiency (in English) and numeracy at levels necessary to function on the job and in society to achieve one’s goals, and develop one’s knowledge and potential in this digital age. Scientific literacy means knowledge and understanding of the scientific concepts and processes required for personal decision-making, participation in civic and cultural affairs, and economic productivity. Economic literacy means the ability to identify economic problem, alternatives, costs and benefits; analyze the incentives at work in economic situations; examine the consequences of changes in economic conditions and public policies; collect and organize economic evidence; and weigh costs against benefits (NCREL and Metiri Group, 2003). Technological literacy means knowledge about what technology is, how it works, what purposes it can serve, and how it can be used efficiently and effectively to achieve specific goals. Visual literacy means the ability to interpret, use, appreciate, and create images and video using both conventional and 21st century media in ways that advance thinking, decision-making, communication, and learning. Information literacy means the ability to evaluate information across a range of media; recognize when information is needed; locate, synthesize, and use information effectively; and accomplish these functions using technology, communication networks, and electronic resources. Multicultural literacy means the ability to understand and appreciate the similarities and differences in the customs, values, and beliefs of one’s own culture and the cultures of others whereas global awareness means the recognition and understanding of interrelationships among international organizations, nation-states, public and private economic entities, socio-cultural groups, and individuals across the globe (NCREL and Metiri Group, 2003) . Inventive thinking comprises of adaptability/managing complexity, self direction, curiosity, creativity, risk taking and higher-order thinking and sound reasoning. Adaptability/managing complexity is the ability to modify one’s thinking, attitude, or behaviour to be better suited to current or future environments, as well as the ability to handle multiple goals, tasks, and inputs, while understanding and adhering to constraints of time, resources, and systems (e.g., organizational, technological). Self-direction is the ability to set goals related to learning, plan for the achievement of those goals, independently manage time and effort, and independently assess the quality of learning and any products that result from the learning experience. Curiosity is the desire to know or a spark of interest that leads to inquiry. Creativity is the act of bringing something into existence that is genuinely new and original, whether personally (original only to the individual) or culturally (where the work adds significantly to a domain of culture as recognized by experts). Risk-taking is the willingness to make mistakes, advocate unconventional or unpopular positions, or tackle extremely challenging problems without obvious solutions, such that one’s personal growth, integrity, or accomplishments are enhanced. Higher-order thinking and sound reasoning include the 112 Punia Turiman et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 59 ( 2012 ) 110 – 116 cognitive processes of analysis, comparison, inference/interpretation, evaluation, and synthesis applied to a range of academic domains and problem-solving contexts (NCREL and Metiri Group, 2003). Effective communication involves five components which are teaming and collaboration, interpersonal skills, personal responsibilities, social and civic responsibilities and interactive communication. Teaming and collaboration means cooperative interaction between two or more individuals that working together to solve problems, create novel products, or learn and master content. Interpersonal skills mean the ability to read and manage the emotions, motivations, and behaviours of oneself and others during social interactions or in a social-interactive context. Personal responsibility is depth and currency of knowledge about legal and ethical issues related to technology, combined with one’s ability to apply this knowledge to achieve balance, integrity, and quality of life as a citizen, a family and community member, a learner, and a worker. Social and civic responsibility is the ability to manage technology and govern its use in a way that promotes public good and protects society, the environment, and democratic ideals. Interactive communication means the generation of meaning through exchanges using a range of contemporary tools, transmissions, and processes (NCREL and Metiri Group, 2003). High productivity consists of prioritizing, planning, and managing for results, effective use of real-world tools and ability to produce relevant, high-quality products. Prioritizing, planning, and managing for results are the ability to organize and efficiently achieve the goals of a specific project or problem. Effective use of real-world tools is the effective use of these tools – the hardware, software, networking, and peripheral devices used by Information Technology (IT) workers to accomplish 21st century work. It means using these tools to communicate, collaborate, solve problems, and accomplish tasks. Ability to produce relevant, high-quality products is intellectual, informational, or material products that serve authentic purposes and occur as a result of students using real-world tools to solve or communicate about real-world problems. These products include persuasive communications in any media (print, video, the web, verbal presentation), synthesis of resources into more useable forms (databases, graphics, simulations), or refinement of questions that build upon what is known to advance one’s own and others’ understanding (NCREL and Metiri Group, 2003). Thus, the definition of student's achievements must be broadened to include the 21st century skills that will be required for students to thrive in the future. Students ought to have the ability to apply the knowledge that they have learned to face the challenges of life beyond school. It is a current trend in education where students are able to solve multifaceted problems by thinking creatively and generating original ideas from multiple sources. The sheer magnitude of human knowledge, globalization, and the accelerating rate of change due to technology necessitates a shift in student’s education from plateaus of knowing to continuous cycles of learning, applying and contributing (Kamisah & Neelavany, 2010).