Project operational capabilities and portfolio dynamic capabilities
are operationalized in nine and six items, respectively. To capture the
essence of project operational capabilities and portfolio dynamic capabilities,
we turn to the processes and routines included in two of the
mostwidely used projectmanagement bodies of knowledge, the Project
Management Body of Knowledge-PMBOK®, and the IPMA Competence
Baseline-ICB®. Thus, we consider the processes described in project
management standards as the micro-foundations of both project operational
capabilities and portfolio dynamic capabilities. The logic of using
processes and routines for measuring project operational capabilities
and portfolio dynamic capabilities lies in Winter's (2003)5 definition
of capabilities as collections or routines. In fact, we find numerous empirical
studies measuring dynamic capabilities through the processes