In the first place, during a typical TQM effort department managers often use temporary employees and overtime to keep up the work of employees serving as SMEs on PITs and DITs. This backfill is needed because it’s unfair to ask employees to keep up fully with their regular jobs while devoting time to team meetings and homework. In any case, as rework is eliminated and FTEs are freed up, the first reaction of department managers is to cease using temporaries and overtime. Newly freed up FTEs are put on backfill.